Section A
1. Describe briefly the requirements of earthquake resistant building? [5]
2. Define bridge. Enlist the characteristics of ideal bridge. [5]
3. Write down the assumption of Rankine’s theory and derive the expression for active and passive pressures. [10]
4. a) Discuss the various factors that affect the permeability of soil. [5]
b) Explain the uses of bio-engineering in stabilizing slopes. [5]
Section B
5. What is water hammer? Explain causes, effects of water hammer. Write the function of forebay. [2+4+4]
6. Derive the relationship between Duty, Delta and Base period. Find delta for sugarcane when the duty is 730 ha/cumec on the field and base period of crop 110 day. [5+5]
7. Explain with figure about hydrological cycle. [5]
Section C
8. Describe the importance of STOLPorts in the context of topography of Nepal and their role in the economic development of Nepal. [5]
9. What are the elements of highway cross-section? Calculate the extra widening required for a pavement of width 7.0 m on a horizontal curve of radius 200 m if the tangent wheel base of vehicle expected on the road is 6.5 km. Design speed is 65 kmph. [4+6]
10. What are the different causes of traffic accidents? Discuss briefly. Explain various measures that may be taken to prevent accidents. [5+5]
Section D
11. Write the differences between BES, IEE and EIA on the basis of EPA 2019 and EPR 2020? [10]
12. Compare Trickling filter with Activated sludge process. Design a activated sludge unit treatment for a town with the following data: [2+2+6]
Population=65,000, Sewage contribution = 210 lpcd, BOD of raw sewage = 210 mg/l, BOD removal in primary treatment = 40%, Overall BOD removal required = 90%.
Thank You
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